Resource Based View of the Firm

Plan/methodology,'approach †The paper proposes a connection between esteem hypothesis and responsibility utilizing a Resource Value-Resource Risk point of view as an option in contrast to the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The connection works first from the work procedure, where worth is made yet is incompletely perceptible by intra-firm systems of authoritative control and outside administration courses of action without Incurring checking costs. Second, It works through legally binding courses of action which Impose fixed cost structures on exercises with variable revenues.Findings †The paper along these lines clarifies how worth starts in unsafe and hard to screen beneficial procedures and is transmitted as rents to authoritative and capital market constituents. It at that point audits ongoing commitments to the RUB, contending that the proposed new methodology conquers holes intrinsic in the other options, and therefore offers an increasingly complete and incorporated pe rspective on firm conduct. Innovation/esteem †The RUB can turn into a reasonable hypothesis of firm conduct. On the off chance that It embraces and can Integrate the work hypothesis of significant worth. Related proportions of hazard emerging from the work procedure and systems of accountability.Keywords Resources, Risk the board, Labor, Competitive preferred position Paper type Research paper Value, benefit and hazard 1 . Prologue To what degree is system encircled in bookkeeping terms and what job do bookkeeping numbers and procedures play in setting methodology? In the two cases the appropriate response is presumably insufficient, In perspective on the possible commitment on offer from bookkeeping by and large, and from basic bookkeeping specifically. As of late, the asset based view (RUB) of the firm, has accomplished across the board spread In scholarly writing and the executives practice (Acted et al. , 2006).It clarifies nominative favorable position, or conveyance of co ntinued better than average returns (Apteral, 1993) or monetary benefit (Barney, 2001), as far as firms' packs of assets (Amity and Shoemaker, 1993; Rumble, 1984), which are significant, uncommon, supreme and non-substitutable (FRI.) (Barney, 2001, accentuation included). A hypothesis connecting resource esteem and anomalous returns Is along these lines The creator might Want to thank members at the European basic Accounting considers meeting, multiversity AT York, 2 Institute of Chartered Accountants in Scotland, whose money related help built up the thoughts in this paper.

How has the concept of individual liberty changed throughout the Essay

How has the idea of individual freedom changed since the commencement of political idea Discuss and build up a contention dependent on crafted by writers talked about all through the course - Essay Example It additionally incorporates the condition of lack of interest towards others’ political, social, monetary, social, individual and strict exercises. Universal governmental issues, worldwide law, state associations, social equity, equity, freedom and social developments additionally come into the overlap of progressivism. By fundamentally inspecting the ways of thinking of all the extraordinary characters, it becomes clear that every one of these characters bolster singular freedom gave it is seen out of sound thinking from one viewpoint, and is practiced with a well meaning goal on the other. Singular freedom has consistently been the subject of incredible enthusiasm for the savants and political scholars, and they strived for winning opportunity of thought and activity for all residents on the establishment of equity and with no segregation of standing, class, belief, network, race, locale, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Since scholars and logicians fill in as the cerebrum of a general public, they don't acknowledge disparities and treacheries submitted by the rulers and amazing layer of society on the smothered masses. Thus, they defy the man-made bonds and shackles and present the scholarly structure which offers a total and only framework to lead a cheerful and serene life. Since the establishments of their way of thinking lays on human government assistance, they conscious the general public from the rest of obliviousness and urge them battle to win their privileges. Before the compelling French Revolution it were logicians like Voltaire, Rousseau and ot her people who arose the resting country and battled for the honorable motivation of uniformity and equity by their superb works. The philosophical topic behind the writing of that time made ready towards equivalent appropriation of intensity, pelf, ownership and eminence for all layers of French Society. Consequently crooked estimates upheld by the French laws reached a conclusion. The savants having a place with antiquated Greece assumed the most considerable job in regard of acquiring person

The Best Study Spots on Campus for Your Every Need

The Best Study Spots on Campus for Your Every Need Finding the perfect study spot is, in my opinion, the most important part of having an effective study session. The right vibe and ambiance affects how much you are able to focus and stay on task. The following are some of my favorite study spotsâ€"each depending on what kind of mood I may be in that day! 1. Solitude When I want to be alone and study for a few hours without any distractions, I always hit up the Main Library. This building is located on the southwest end of the main quad, so it’s conveniently located near bus stops and a lot of class buildings. The architecture both outside and inside are stunning, and this only adds to the overall environment. Everyone who goes to the Main Library is there to focus and and stay on task for a few hours. So, if you need to crank out an essay or cram in a few lectures before an exam, hit up this library! 2. Relaxed If there is a day when I don’t have too much work to do or it’s just a day of light reviewing and completing some busy work, I like to go to nearby coffee shops on campus. My favorite spot is Caffe Bene. The nice thing about this cafe is that there are two locations on campus. If one spot gets a little too crowded, I like to check out the other location where I can find a spot to sit down. This is an atmosphere where I usually run into friends, and it’s nice to chat with them as they pass by. 3. Interactive As a pre-health student, I am enrolled in an anatomy course along with some of my other pre-health friends. This class is very dense, so we like to collaborate while we study and learn together. Buildings like Everitt Laboratory and Natural History Building have great areas where groups can study and discuss class materials together. White boards and projector access helps with the collaboration process. There are so many areas around campus that offer different environments for studying. Take advantage of these locations and find your perfect study spot, and if one day you catch me studying in one of these spots, stop by and say hi. I’d love to chat with my readers in person! Kripa Class of 2020 I'm majoring in Psychology, minoring in Spanish, and pursuing a pre-dental track. It seems like I’m all over the place, but that’s what I like about college! I get to choose to study what I’m interested in, and I’m happy to be doing just that at Illinois.

What to Read in March

Not sure what to read this month? Try these suggestions based on   authors born in the month of March! Robert Lowell (March 1, 1917-September 12, 1977): Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV was an American poet who inspired the confessional style of other poets such as Sylvia Plath. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry and was a United States Poet Laureate. His own personal history and his family and friendships were important subjects in his poetry. Recommended: Life Studies (1959). Ralph Ellison: (March 1, 1914- April 16, 1994): Ralph Waldo Ellison was an American literary critic, scholar, and novelist. He won the National Book Award in 1953 served on The American Academy of Arts and Letters. Recommended: Invisible Man (1952). Elizabeth Barrett Browning: (March 6, 1806- June 29, 1861): Elizabeth Barrett was an important English Romantic poet. Many do not know that Brownings family was part-Creole and spent much time in Jamaica, where they owned sugar plantations (kept by slave labor). Elizabeth herself was highly educated and was vehemently opposed to slavery. Her later works are dominated by political and social themes. She met and married the poet Robert Browning after a long epistolary relationship. Recommended: Poems (1844) Garbriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez (March 6, 1928-April 17, 2014): Gabriel Josà © de la Concordia Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez was a Colombian author of plays, short stories, and novels. He is considered one of the most important writers of the twentieth-century, having won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. Garcia Marquez was also a journalist who criticized national and international politics, but he is best known for his fiction and magical realism. Recommended: One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). Jack Kerouac: (March 12, 1922- October 21, 1969): Kerouac was a pioneering member of the 1950s Beat Generation. He originally went to college on a football scholarship, but upon moving to New York City he discovered Jazz and the Harlem scene, which would change his life, and the American literary landscape, forever.   Recommended: On the Road (1957). Louis L’Amour (March 22, 1908-June 10, 1988): Louis Dearborn grew up in North Dakota during the sunset years of the American frontier. His interactions with traveling cowboys, the great Northern Pacific Railroad, and the world of cattle ranching would shape his later fiction, as would the stories of his grandfather, who fought in civil and Indian wars. Recommended: The Daybreakers (1960). Flannery O’Connor (March 25, 1925-August 3, 1964): Mary Flannery  OConnor was an American writer. She flourished in the essay, short story and novel genres and was also a significant contributor to literary reviews and commentaries. Greatly inspired by her Roman Catholicism, her works often explored major themes of ethics and morality. She is one of the greatest Southern writers in American literature. Recommended: A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955). Tennessee Williams: (March 26, 1911- February 25, 1983): Thomas Lanier Williams III is one of Americas greatest playwrights and an important presence in the history of homosexual writers. His works are heavily inspired by his own life, especially is unhappy family history. He had a great string of successful plays in the late 1940s, before shifting to a more experimental style which was not as well-received by audiences. Recommended: Suddenly, Last Summer (1958). Robert Frost: (March 26, 1874- Jauary 29, 1963): Robert Frost, perhaps Americas greatest and most successful poet, first explored a variety of careers, such as cobbler, editor, and teacher, before publishing his first poem (My Butterfly) in 1894. Frost spent some time living in England during the early 1900s, where he met such talents as Robert Graves and Ezra Pound. These experiences had a profound influence on his work. Recommended: North of Boston (1914). Anna Sewell (March 30, 1820- April 25, 1878): Anna Sewell is an English novelist, born into a Quaker family. When she was a girl, she severely injured both of her ankles, which confined her to crutches and limited walking for the rest of her life. Recommended: Black Beauty (1877). Other Notable Classic Writers Born in March: Theodore Seuss Geisel, Dr. Seuss (March 2, 1904-September 24, 1991)Tom Wolfe (March 2, 1931-  Ã‚  Ã‚   )Douglas Adams (March 11, 1952-May 11, 2001) Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879-April 18, 1955)John Updike (March 18, 1932-January 27, 2009)Philip Roth (March 19, 1933-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   )Lawrence Ferlinghetti (March 24, 1919-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ) Gloria Steinem (March 25, 1934-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   )John Fowles (March 31, 1926-November 5, 2005)

Adolescence Is A Transitional Period Of Physical And...

Adolescence is a transitional period of physical and psychological development, occurring during the period from puberty to adulthood. It is the time that is marked by several vital exploratory developmental experiences including, identity formation, development and growth. During this period adolescents are in the process of furthering social relationships, of finding their place in society, and of making important choices for their future lives. While it’s a time for tremendous growth and potential, on the path of identity, the individual encounter many challenges such as struggling with the idea of self-concept or/and self-esteem which exert powerful influences. The psychologists Erikson, Marcia, and Arnett each contributes to the theory of identity in their own context. Identity formation is a complex process that is central to life development which begins during the adolescent period and carries over to emerging adulthood. During this stage adolescents begin to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Erikson theorized that in adolescence the main task is identity formation which involves trying alternate identities and reflect on these experiences. He believes that they are two components that are necessary for a sense of identity and identity formation. First, the individual must search for a new sense of continuity and sameness which includes sexual maturity and resolving central issues in developmental stages, second their identity must be experiencedShow MoreRelatedSocial Development And Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1519 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescence (12-18 years of age) stage in human development is the period between puberty to legal adulthood. During this transitional stage physical, emotional, intellectual, social and psychological changes occur. 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Vital Pieces of Slavery Essay Topics

Vital Pieces of Slavery Essay Topics On occasion, it's tough to cover a concrete theme. Don't attempt to compose an original version simultaneously. Each your part is dependent on other. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. It can be broken into several components. Make your list as long as feasible take a brief break. In some instances, human trafficking doesn't refer whatsoever to geographical site. Hence, two distinct kinds of economies emerged in addition to the consequent friction between both. At precisely the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of an excellent cause and effect essay topic. If you want to help your son or daughter understand how causal relationships work, you can get some handy cause and effect worksheets here. Finding the Best Slavery Essay Topics There are a few great topics to take into consideration when deciding on a topic for your argumentative essay. The very best thing about Essay is you're able to use any sort of language formal or informal. If you wish to compose a fantastic history essay you'd better select a topic that is familiar to you. Picking the correct essay topic can occasionally be rather tricky. The Downside Risk of Slavery Essay Topics Look at making it brief and solid with all the required accents. There's plenty if useful information regarding the Web. Otherwise, there are many style guides you may pick from. It informs the readers about the primary purpose of your research. Among the methods to be successful in any research paper is to make an effective outline. Draw the last line and tell what your research was able to produce. After that, do your research to demonstrate your point. Thus, writing a history paper will definitely be fun, if you only pick a really intriguing history essay topic. This last part would differ from a traditional essay conclusion we all got used to. You also ought to restate the thesis and bring your primary concept to the stage. Take your introduction and utilize it to earn a perfect ending for the whole paper. You will need to see that conclusion isn't just a very simple overview of evidence you've provided in your principal portion of the essay. You should also learn where and how to begin a conclusion for an essay. If you would like to learn to compose a conclusion for an expository essay, you also will need to concentrate on your principal idea and thesis statement. Writing an essay conclusion might seem an obvious and effortless step in the whole essay writing task. Rumors, Deception and Slavery Essay Topics Slavery was widespread and many families owned a minumum of one slave. It has been a part of our history for hundreds of years. It is a huge topic so you first need to decide on what aspects of slavery you want to focus on (slavery in the United States prior to the Civil War, slavery in other countries), and then narrow it further to the main message you wish to convey. It is one of the ugliest non-human forms of social relationships. In the current day, the modern kind of slavery comes in the shape of human trafficking. The idea of slavery is one which is not typical in cultures where the individuals are hunter-gathers. Laws developing a slavery system started to appear for Africans. Describe the financial factors used to justify the custom of slavery in the usa. Lies You've Been Told About Slavery Essay Topics You want to provide your reader the last comment about the whole topic you've been discussing. Within this case we're talking about the Civil War. But our thoughts don't alter the facts that cause the war started. Make sure that you are able to fully trust the evidence you want to use. For example, you may concentrate on the use of Britain or the part of Mexico and the Mexican-American War. Very rapidly it became so widely utilized all around the nation, particularly in the South, that it appeared too hard to eradicate completely. All of us can have different thoughts about the value of the Civil War in the usa. Until the beginning of World. Rum is just one of the numerous new foods and drinks which were created. The colonists had figured out a way to earn money and enhance the economy, but they weren't able to turn the chance into a profitable reality for two key factors. The best way to success requires a lot of time and energy. Nevertheless, a big, landless, and bad population remained. There were other varieties of slaves aside from the above. There were many kinds of slaves which were good at various varieties of jobs. Write about the function of the Underground Railroad in freeing individual slaves and contributing to the general maturation of the abolitionist movement.

History and Background of Botswanas Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture free essay sample

I thank god for blessing my lectures and fellow students for making this module a success, otherwise without their support I would not have made it through with this module. The researcher consulted the Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture on the 26 April 2012 to search for information about the background of the ministry. The researcher used the website of the ministry through the internet and policy files. The researcher also used the Ministry of Home Affairs website. The Administration History is the structure and functioning of government, the interaction between society and government and the ideas about government in society. The administrative history gives brief highlights of the individual’s career and life or the organisation’s foundation, development and major programs. It also provides information such as organisation charts, timeline and lists of transitional heads of the organisation from the time of inception to the current stage. Before 2007, the following departments Sport and Recreation, Culture and Youth, National Museum and Art Gallery, Botswana National Archives and Records Services, Botswana National Library Services were under the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs. Due to the complaints from unsatisfied customers and of stakeholders on unattended issues of sports the ministry of Labour and Home Affairs was forced to split into two. In January 2007 a Presidential decree approved by the parliament was established to settle the issues of stakeholders calling for an independent ministry. The sport portfolio has been under the ministry of Labour and Home affairs for a very long time but really was merely broading the mandate of the custodian ministry, therefore issues relating to sport did not get sufficient attention. Sport department did not execute its role and the ministry had to split. The Ministry of Youth sports and culture was established in January 2007. It was envisaged that the new ministry would reflect on how delivery in these departments could be optimized and duplications removed. Whilst the economic impact of youth, sport and culture, has not yet been quantified, it is believed that the ministry could also leverage these entities to contribute towards the national priority of economic diversification. RELOCATION OF THE NEW MINISTRY The new ministry was then allocated their first offices at the Capitol building in the main mall. Thus Ministry was formed with the division of Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs and requisite number of employees from Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs was taken in the Ministry of Youth Sports and Culture as its initial staff. Immediately thereafter, it began its own recruitment of staff required for its proper functioning . It may be pointed out that a training division was set up to provide the necessary inputs in terms of induction into the new department for the recruited employees. Although the ministry was lead by the Permanent Secretary most posts were vacant, but the job had to be done. The ministry had to operate with the few staff members transferred from the divisions of the ministry of Labour and Home Affairs. As time went on a few posts were filled, such as Director Ministry Management, Deputy Director Ministry Management and Assistant Human Resources with newly appointed to existing staff to help the Permanent Secretary. The ministry struggled for a short while to recruit its own staff but survived the struggle with the help of temporarily appointed staff assisting in various offices of the ministry. It was one devastating crisis after another, first the ministry had no expenditure votes or budget, and there was a shortage of stationery and furniture. There was basically nothing to fall back on. As time went on the office space also became a little too crowded as more staff was being recruited, it was complete havoc but the ministry did not despair. The year went by as the ministry struggled. It was then in the following year (2008) that things got better, the ministry was relocated to yet another new offices in Old Naledi along Samora Machel Drive at Plot number 50626 when the staff felt that they were finally being recognized as a ministry. Expenditure votes ledger accounts were created and budgets were allocated to the ministry in the next financial year. The struggle slowly but surely declined, the staff worked effortlessly as the working conditions were in their favour because they had spacious offices and enough stationery to do their job. The Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture grew gradually as it operated with six different departments, namely Ministry Management, Department of Culture and Youth, National Museum and Art Gallery, Botswana National Library Services, Botswana National Archives and Records Services and finally Sport and Recreation. Step by step everything seemed to fall into place as the Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture had found its purpose. Some of the departments had to transfer to other ministries that suited their responsibility. In 2010 the department of National Museum and Art Gallery moving to the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism as it is a national treasure that attracted tourists. Some changed their names to accommodate the ever changing times, like the department of ministry management changed its name to the department of Corporate Services. In 2010 the department of Culture and Youth was then split into two to create yet other departments within ministry such as the department of Arts and Culture and the department of Youth. This was done so as to tackle different issues for instance the department of arts and culture focused on developing young Batswana artists and the department of youth focusing on youth affairs, development of youth policies and projects. Currently the ministry is operating with yet six departments after all changes made, namely corporate services, Botswana National Library services, department of Arts and Culture, Botswana National Archives and Records Services, Sport and Recreation and the department of Youth. MANDATE The Ministry of Youth Sports and Culture’s mandate is to empower youth, develop sport and recreation, promote culture and heritage to create wellness and competitiveness, identity, unity and pride for posterity and sustainable development. The Ministry of Youth Sport and Culture is charged with the responsibilities of implementing the Arts and Culture, National Library Services, Sport and Recreation and National Archives and Records Services missions. These departments have been operating independently under the leadership of Directors. It was established that some of their responsibilities overlapped, especially in areas of youth, information provision, and protection and promotion of Heritage. Relationships and interdependencies between departments in terms of process and customers are evident, in particular, in respect of; Preservation and promotion of culture and heritage (Arts and Culture, Youth, Sport and Recreation Archives and Records Services and Library) and Youth empowerment. MISSION MYSC exists to create an enabling environment for youth development, promotion of sport, preservation of culture and heritage through creative relevant, vibrant and attractive programmes. Ministry of Youth Sport Culture shall be a model of excellence in promoting sport, youth empowerment and cultural identity. OBJECTIVES OF THE MINISTRY Since its inception in 2007 the ministry has been able to achieve the following: -Ensuring youth have equal opportunities to resources and in particular, information communication Technology necessary. -Enabling the youth to access useful and relevant information on youth programs, education and employment opportunities, and e- government services. The ministry found t imperative to invest in the global libraries initiative now known as sesigo project. The ministry committed P48 million towards sesigo project to ensure that public libraries are information communication technology enabled. The ministry in collaboration with the private sector implemented projects aimed at identifying non sport talent . President’s Day celebrations are now used to identify talents in various district and localities in the fields of fine arts, mus ic, dance, theatre, drama poetry and comedy, with accompanying incentives to reward the best performers . These projects have been successful and praised by Botswana as it rewards talented ordinary Batswana and improve their standard of living. The ministry is still in the process of exploring ways to assist upcoming music artists to record their work. The Ministry implemented and run youth targeted projects and currently over 43,000 young people participate in the constituency tournaments and over 3000 youth projects have been sponsored by the ministry. Since the tournament of the ministry, sports codes started to do well in both regional and international competition latest being winning of gold medal in the 2010 common wealth games. The ministry is in the process of reorganizing sport administration structure in the country, in line with international trends, accelerate the outgoing process of facilities development throughout the country, establishing of the school of excellence, direct funding of national teams by the state and human resource development to ensure that the ministry and other sport structures are appropriately resourced with qualified personnel. So far two sports complex in Francistown and Lobatse have been constructed by the ministry. The ministry has also built three Records Centers, in Francistown, Gaborone and kanye to accommodate noncurrent records before they are selected to be archives and for permanent value. Even though the ministry has been able to achieve some of the mandates through its dedicated and hardworking staff since its formation in 2007, the ministry has been confronted with issues of employee attrition since 2008, losing highly experienced, skilled and competent employees to other organization. The attrition has been a serious issue of concern in the ministry. Currently it finds some of its Department operating without Directors and skeleton staff. Between 2007 and 2011 the ministry lost 210 employees to other departments. The Ministry of youth Sport and Culture perform its duties or functions through the following Departments. Â  The department of Corporate Services exists to efficiently and effectively coordinate and manage resources and performance, provide guidance information . This is done in collaboration with stakeholders. The following units fall under the Corporate Services. Accounts, Finance, Human Resource, Internal Audit, Legal Services, Ministerial Technical Unit, Ministerial Tender Committee, Office Operations, Planning, Reforms and supplies. Planning unit: project planning, project monitoring and evaluation, project financing, development of project and implementation policy. Finance: budgeting, accounts, receivables’ and payables. Planning unit: project planning, project monitoring and evaluation, project financing, development of projects and implementation policy. Legal Service: to provide legal service to the ministry and its departments, to assist in the interpretation of laws (statutes), to assist in the drafting and interpretation of memorandum of agreements/contracts prepared by other parties contracting with government, to prepare drafting instructions where new legislation or amendment to an existing legislation is to be drafted, to act as liaison officer in case of work that is related to the prosecution of either a criminal or civil matter. Procurement and supplies: office supplies and equipment, material management. Reforms: formulation of strategic/annual plans, coordination of reforms initiatives, facilitation of performance reviews and coordination of performance standards. Information Technology: Strategy/ planning, development of plans and strategies for use of information Technology in the ministry and its department, to develop and use appropriate tools for improving productivity in the business processes, and customer satisfaction of users of the ministry, Train users in making appropriate and effective use of technical tools in IT provided, responsible for initiating and implementing NDP10 IT projects in Headquarters and user departments. IT Management, Operational and Support: information communication and technology system development and support, planning and management of information technology, management of information systems and e-government. The Human resource division: manpower planning, training and development, personnel administration, recruitment and selection, health and safety, employee relations and management services. The Human Resource Management at the ministry of Youth Sports and Culture coordinates and monitors the implementation of human resource management and development of policies, strategies, rules and regulations. The division ensures that rules and regulations, human resource management and development policies are implemented as accepted by management. Rules and regulations should be cleared and interpreted to all employees ,so as to understand the laws that govern their services and what is expected from them in pursuing of the organization’s goals and objectives . The human resource division interprets ,terms and conditions of service to staff and advice the staff members on matters of Human resource management and development. Human resource division is one of the most important divisions in every department . Every organization that wants to achieve its goals and objectives through its dedicated, committed and loyal employees need to have a responsive, caring and effective Human resource division that ensures that employees are developed and equipped with skills needed to perform their jobs effectively. The department of Botswana National Archives and Records Services exist to provide an effective and efficient Records Management Services to government and to provide the same to the local authorities and Parastatals Organizations on advisory basis. In government this is done primarily through the Records Management Units, commonly known as Registries. Within this division the department is entrusted with the responsibilities of providing action officers with the right information at the right time and for the right purpose. We also advice and provide guidance on the creation, maintenance and use and finally disposal of records, i. e. records either going for destruction because they do not contain information of permanent value or records going for permanent preservation as archives. In 2009 the department of Botswana National Archives and Records Services decentralized the posts of all Records officers and redeploy them to their respective ministries and department. All the personal files of the affected officers were transferred from the host ministry and department. In 2010 the department implemented a pilot project of the computerization of records called the National Archives and Records Management computerized System (NARMS) in the department of corporate service, Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, Department of Primary Education, Department of Water Affairs, Office of the President and Francistown Records Center. The system was implemented to change from the paper – based system to electronic system to manage information which is slow, labourious, and counter productive. NARMS is a computerized management information system that will provide the departments and clients with an efficient and productive service. NARMS will ensure the efficient and systematic control of creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records. (ISO 15489 – 1: 2001). The department through archives administration division further ensures the provision of research information {noncurrent records archives} to the general public through acquisition, preservation, control and conservation of archives for posterity. Other functions include reprographics, exhibitions, outreach programmes and oral history collection. Archives administration services are provided through the repository, search room, conservation unit, the microfilming unit and audio visual unit. The department of Arts and Culture promotes and preserves culture and to creates an enabling environment for the general public to participate in the cultural development of this country . The department coordinates cultural activities at national level. Cultural preservation instills a sense of pride and unity in the entire nation . The department is guided by the national policy on culture. The department of Youth is responsible for creation of an enabling environment for youth to participate in the development of the country . This department coordinates youth activities at national level . In this regard ,the department emphasizes the provision of excellent customer service and timely delivery. The ministry through the department of youth has been mandated to oversee the implementation of the National youth policy and the action plan for youth. With the assistance of the Botswana National Youth Council, they are the leading partners in youth development. The major functions of the department are as follows: -To develop and review policy in all matters related to youth affairs -To implement and monitor youth programmes and initiatives -To initiate research and keep information relating to youth issues up to date -To promote collaboration efforts amongst all youth NGOS and government of Botswana and any efforts within relevant government ministries. The department Sport and Recreation is charged with the responsibility of facilitating and ensuring the development and implementation of national policies and strategies on sport and recreation in the country . This department is therefore a government organization responsible for policy coordination ,direction and leadership ,sport education ,resource mobilization and appropriation ,networking ,coordination and collaboration ,sport facilities development and recreational leisure.